![]() ![]() We now know that Berthold was seeing the action of testosterone. During the autopsy, Berthold discovered that blood vessels had reattached themselves onto the testes as well as grown around them Berthold deduced that whatever changes in the body the testes caused, it was done through the blood. George’s, explains how Berthold attempted to reverse the changes that been caused by castration by transplanting the testes into the abdomen. In 1849, the German physiologist Arnold Berthold experimented on chickens – this uncovered the mechanism explaining how castration affects the body. There was, however, no scientific evidence for this change until the 19th century. Woss points out other permanent visible effects of castration from Farinelli’s portrait: from a straight hair line similar to a woman to a lack of an Adam’s apple. The singer Farinelli (18th century) was able to sing soprano due to being a castrato (an adolescent who was castrated before puberty). Woss begins the journey about hormones by playing a piece of opera from 1902, performed by a grown man, singing in an usually high voice. Chronologically, our understanding of hormones is relatively recent. Hormones are now at the forefront of medical research as we discover that the effects of hormones are more widespread. ![]() Professor Wass asserts that to a greater or lesser extent, they control everything in your body. Professor John Wass, Oxford University, introduces us to the world of hormones demonstrating how they shape each and every one of us from our height and weight to how we feel and behave. ![]()
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